When was the ICC created, by whom, and for what purpose? The International Criminal Court emerged as an institutional response to the mass crimes of the twentieth century. The Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals established the principle of individual criminal responsibility for international crimes, but they were temporary bodies of the Second World War's victorious powers. On 9 December 1948, the UN General Assembly tasked the International Law Commission with studying the feasib

It is common for each side to claim victory following a negotiated peace deal, and the Iranian regime and Trump administration are no exception. Following months of kinetic and economic warfare, the US and Iran signed a Memorandum of Understanding on 17 June which formally concludes the conflict and establishes a framework for negotiations towards a final settlement over the following 60 days. To ensure their domestic legitimacy after a costly war, the Trump administration an

China has traditionally occupied a special place in American foreign policy. For a long time, bilateral relations were predominantly based on partnership but over the past fifteen years, they have increasingly been characterised as intense competition or even confrontation. President Donald Trump’s policy combines both the legacy of a long partnership and the new geopolitical realities in which Beijing is frequently set against Washington. US-China relations at the end of the

Throughout Trump’s second term, his administration’s policies towards Ukraine, russia, and transatlantic alliances have been unpredictable and sometimes contradictory. The recently-released National Security Strategy attempts to outline a coherent vision for America’s new relationship with the world. The two-and-a-half pages on Europe are perhaps the most notable part of this vision, with the document’s harshest criticism reserved for its closest allies. Europe is portrayed a